ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetes and prediabetes are rapidly growingin India. Diabetes is the single most important risk factor forcardiovascular disease. As 72.2% of the Indian populationresides in rural areas, the current study was carried to assessthe prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, prediabetes and cardiometabolic profile in a rural population.Material and methods: A total of 300 people aged more than18 years were included in this observational, communitybased study. All the relevant parameters were documentedin a structured study proforma. The following investigationswere done in all subjects: fasting blood glucose, post prandialblood glucose, fasting lipid profile, electrocardiography andechocardiogram.Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 37.33% and prediabetes was 8.67% in the current study. Among diabeticsmean age was 51.17 years and 43.69 years in prediabetics.Among diabetics 69 (69.6%) were males and 43 (38.4%) werefemales. Among the prediabetics 43 (38.4%) were males and12 (46.2%) were females. Among diabetes patients meanTriglycerides (TGL) was 175.24 mg/dl. In this study 128(42.7%) participants were overweight, 114 (38%) were obese,85 (28.33%) were alcoholics, 44 (14.67%) were smokers.Conclusion: Higher Total cholesterol, Triglycerides levelsare associated with higher chance of prediabetes and diabetes.Increasing age is also a risk factor for prediabetes and diabetes.The prevalence of the diabetics and prediabetes is rising inrural population. Hence it is essential to create awarenessabout diabetes and accessibility to health care services amongrural population.
ABSTRACT
Leptospirosis is one of the emerging and re-emerging neglected tropical bacterial infections, greater attention from the public health and medical communities. Due to increase in urbanization and conversion of rural setup to urban, poor sanitation and unawareness of the risk sources, there is an increase in the new cases every year. Methods: The present investigation is aimed to assess the presence of leptospirosis among rice mill workers by socio-demographic data, information related to disease, symptoms, animal contact, cleaning procedures and determine the presence of leptospires seroprints by genus specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serovar specific microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Results & Conclusion: The Genus specific IgG ELISA was performed for all the serum samples (n=107) and the results were compared with serovar specific MAT by using serial doubling dilutions of serum samples. The results of ELISA showed reactive to 44 samples whereas, MAT showed positive to 32. In MAT, the highest titer value was 1:320 for L. australis and L. grippotyphosa followed by 1:160 for L. autumnalis, L. canicola, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. javanica, L. pomona and L. patoc. Screening of this occupational risk group was carried out for the presence of leptospiral seroprints in order to provide appropriate medical check-up and early treatment. Significantly higher prevalence rates in rice mill workers compared to control group is identified, indicating that working in the rice mill is a significant risk factor for leptospiral infection.